Bee Species Diversity
From 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) were caught inside Calanques Federal Playground thru one another internet and you may pan trap series. They belonged so you’re able to half dozen household and 38 genera. Megachilidae try by far the most variety-rich members of the family, followed closely by Apidae and Halictidae, which have 53, 44, and you may 43 varieties, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was the new richest genus, which have 33 kinds, while eight genera have been represented because of the only one varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk 1 [on the web simply] ). Using the jackknife step 1 and you may 2 spiders, the entire bee types fullness are projected to-be between ± 9.89 and ± . The noticed richness hence represented 71.3 so you’re able to 79.6% of one’s estimated bee richness ( Dining table 2). The brand new Chao1 approach projected the latest noticed richness become 76.8% of one’s potential restrict richness ( Dining table dos). Many plentiful species are Apis mellifera L. (276 somebody), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 someone, respectively), and Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anybody). Ultimately, fifty varieties (26%) were represented by only 1 personal (singletons).
Environmental Attributes out-of Bees
About your environment faculties out of nesting choices, we known 59 single bee kinds nesting over ground, 92 solitary bee varieties nesting underground and you may 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, corresponding to 29.7, 47.nine, and you will twelve.0% of your full bee variety richness, correspondingly. I observed four personal species (bumble bees and you can honey bees-dos.1%). Ultimately, the fresh nesting tastes out-of 14 varieties will always be unfamiliar (seven.3%- Supp Dining table step one [on the web only] ). Regarding the flowery eating plan away from bee kinds, i discovered that 105 variety (54.7%) foraged toward a variety of plant varieties (we.e., generalist kinds, polylectic) and you can 51 kinds (twenty six.5%) foraged on a single plant family relations or one to/pair plant types (i.age., professional types, oligolectic). For the left thirty-six bee species (18.8%), the fresh floral diet plan wasn’t known (e.grams., to possess cleptoparasitic types). Yet not, very chinalovecupid dating generalist types demonstrated a preference for one or a number of plant parents ( Supp Desk step 1 [on the web simply] ). Into 44 singletons, 14 bee variety (28%) was basically pros, and you will nine bee varieties (18%) was in fact cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk 1 [online merely] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN position try designed for 178 types (leaving out the species complexes and unknown types). One of those, 47 variety have been classified as the research lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 variety was basically minimum concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen kinds had been near endangered (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something variety are considered threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk step one [on the internet only] ). Three oligolectic types was one of many eight threatened bee kinds. An excellent. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus is actually pros into the Fabaceae, D. argentata was a professional towards Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 to help you 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was indeed trapped during the Calanques National Playground. It belonged in order to twenty-four genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on line only] ). Many plentiful genera have been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 someone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 people), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville during the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen someone), while 20 kinds (53%) was illustrated by one individual ( Supp Table dos [on line merely] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was basically portrayed by 20 variety, and additionally four singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step three [online merely] ). The newest quote away from complete variety richness out of hover flies and you will bee flies try ranging from 83 and 97 kinds making use of the jackknife step 1 and you can dos spiders, respectively. Therefore, the fresh observed richness depicted 59.8–69.9% of estimated hover travel and you will bee fly fullness ( Table 2).